Carranza Textbook Pdf
Carranza's Clinical Periodontology book. Read 14 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Unsurpassed in its authority and scope, the 10th. 11th Edition Carranza's Clinical Periodontology.pdf - Free download Ebook, Handbook, Textbook, User Guide PDF files on the internet quickly and easily. Carranza's clinical periodontology: twelfth edition is the latest edition in the series of textbooks published by Elsevier which first reached our.
Treatment of periodontal disease is a complex and multidisciplinary procedure, requiring periodontal, surgical, restorative, and orthodontic treatment modalities. Several authors attempted to formulate models for periodontal treatment that orders the treatment steps in a logical and easy to remember manner. In this article, we discuss two models of periodontal treatment planning from two of the most well-known textbook in the specialty of periodontics internationally.
Then modify them to arrive at a new model of periodontal treatment planning, The Trimeric Model. Adding restorative and orthodontic interrelationships with periodontal treatment allows us to expand this model into the Extended Trimeric Model of periodontal treatment planning. These models will provide a logical framework and a clear order of the treatment of periodontal disease for general practitioners and periodontists alike. IntroductionPeriodontal health is the “sine qua non,” a prerequisite, of successful comprehensive dentistry. To achieve the long-term therapeutic targets of comfort, function, predictable treatment, longevity, and ease of restorative and maintenance care; active periodontal infection must be treated and controlled before the initiation of restorative, esthetic, and implant dentistry. In addition, the residual effects of periodontal disease or anatomic aberrations inconsistent with realizing and maintaining long-term stability must be addressed.
The Trimeric Model of Periodontal Treatment PlanningThe model we introduce in this article, called the Trimeric Model due to the arrangement of treatment steps that resembles the petals of a trimeric flower e.g. Mariposa Lilly, introduce a modification of the second model of periodontal treatment planning in which periodontal treatment is done in stages (phases) that are ended with, centered, and aimed towards the maintenance phase (Phase IV) which is the final aim that the patient will be placed in for lifetime.Each phase is followed by a Re-evaluation Phase in which decision of the next step of treatment is made. This model is presented in and explained below. Phase I (Initial Therapy – Disease Control Phase)Initial therapy or phase I is the first step in the sequence of procedures that constitute periodontal treatment.The objective of initial therapy is the reduction or elimination of gingival inflammation. This is achieved by complete removal of all factors responsible for gingival inflammation such as plaque, calculus, correction of defective restorations, restoration of carious lesions, etc.As Emergency treatment is the first treatment done for those needing it, some may separate a systemic prephase prior to this Phase and keep Phase I Periodontal Therapy as solely a Nonsurgical Therapy (Scaling and Root Planing) only.Initial Therapy involves the following procedures:1.
Treatment of EmergenciesEmergency treatment is the first priority for any dental patient in need of it. This includes extracting or root canal treating infected or abscessed teeth, treatment of periodontal abscesses, or beginning root canal treatment of Endo-Perio Lesions.
This may include antimicrobial therapy.2. Antimicrobial therapyAntimicrobial therapy is used mostly locally in periodontics.
This includes mouthwashes and local delivery of antimicrobials into the periodontal pockets. Rarely, we may need systemic antibiotic treatment in case of specific microbial infections (as streptococcal mucositis, herpes gingivostomatitis, and candidiasis) and infections with systemic involvement.3. Diet ControlDietary deficiencies (as Iron or Zinc Deficiencies, folate deficiency, or Vitamin Deficiencies B12, C or D) should be addressed and corrected from the start of periodontal treatment.
This might include referral to general or specialized physician or a dietician.Serious systemic diseases as Diabetes may be discovered in the periodontal clinic, and such patients should be referred to the appropriate physician and a dietician. We should be well versed on these aspects of medicine and diet therapy to guide our patients to appropriate treatment and explain to them how these treatments are integral to their periodontal treatment.4.
Patient Education and motivationTreatment plan should be understood by the patient before the active treatment is initiated and the dentist should teach the patient how to do oral hygiene measures. The patient should understand from the beginning of treatment that the responsibility of maintaining his teeth is primarily his or hers.5. Correction of Iatrogenic FactorsFew exceptions; rough, over-contoured, over-hanging, or subgingivally located Restorations, Removable or fixed Prosthesis and Orthodontic Appliances may be associated with pronounced accumulation of plaque and periodontal inflammation.Like calculus, such restorations or appliances interfere with efficient plaque control and must be corrected or removed to allow for reduction or elimination of gingival inflammation.6. Deep CariesCarious lesions should be excavated and temporary restorations placed.
Caries in the vicinity of the gingiva interferes with plaque removal and consequently with gingival health. And Exposed teeth should be treated. Endodontics for Infected teeth should be started in this phase.7.
Hopeless TeethIf some teeth have been diagnosed as “hopeless” and they are not in a strategic or vital position for temporary maintenance of occlusal relations, such teeth should be extracted at this time. Partially impacted third molars with communication to the oral cavity should also be extracted.8. Preliminary ScalingThe next step should be gross scaling and polishing of the teeth, followed by specific instruction in oral hygiene.9. Temporary Splinting, occlusal adjustment, and minor orthodontic tooth movementAlthough temporary splinting for mobile teeth has not proved to be useful in promoting periodontal healing during therapy, It may facilitate treatment procedures as scaling, occlusal therapy, and surgical periodontal therapy.
Carranza Book Of Periodontology Pdf Free Download
Heavy contact on mobile teeth should be reduced or orthodontic tooth movement should be done to correct it.10. Scaling and Root PlaningFine scaling and root planning are necessary to eliminate irritation from subgingival calculus and contaminated cementum.Re-evaluation Phase:In the trimeric model, re-evaulation is a transitional step that needs to be done between every phase of the Treatment plan and the other.
It is usually done after 3-6 weeks from initial therapy. It includes:.Re-evaluation of the results of initial therapy (extent of improvement in pocket depths and attachment level for the whole periodontium).Re-evaluation of oral hygiene status and affirming Oral Hygiene instruction if needed.Measuring Bleeding and Plaque score and checking for improvement.Review of the Diagnosis and prognosis and modification of the whole treatment plan if needed.Re-evaluation should be done after 3-6 weeks of Surgical and Restorative Therapy and is the most important phase in the treatment plan as the major decisions during treatment are made in it. Phase II (Surgical Therapy)During the evaluation of Phase I, evaluate the need of the periodontium for surgery. Surgery may be indicated in the following cases:.Pocket management in specific situations. The most popular traditional indication is the presence of pockets of ≥5mm.Irregular bony contours or deep craters.Areas of suspected incomplete removal of local deposits.Degree II and III furcation involvements.Distal areas of last molars with expected mucogingival problems.Persistent inflammation.Root coverage.Removal of gingival enlargements. Phase IV (Maintenance Phase - Supportive Periodontal Therapy):Preservation of the periodontal health of the treated patient is as important as the elimination of periodontal disease.
In the maintenance phase, patients are placed on a schedule of periodic recall visits for maintenance care to prevent recurrence of the disease. The intervals between recall appointments are varied according to the patient condition.This should be the end goal of periodontal treatment. The long-term success of periodontal treatment depends on the maintenance of the results achieved in the other phases of the periodontal treatment plan.
Adjunctive Orthodontic TherapyOrthodontic treatment has been shown to be a useful adjunctive to periodontal therapy –. It has a unique position in the periodontal treatment plan, as it should be undertaken only after active periodontal disease has been controlled. The following considerations should be kept in mind on attempting orthodontic treatment for periodontal patients :As long as they are periodontally healthy, teeth with pre-existing bone loss may be moved orthodontically without incurring additional attachment loss ,.Failure to control active periodontitis can result in acute exacerbations and bone loss during tooth movement.If nonsurgical treatment is sufficient to control active periodontal disease, definitive surgical periodontal pocket therapy may be postponed until after the completion of orthodontic tooth movement.
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PDF Download Carranza's Clinical Periodontology with Access Code Ebook READ ONLINEDownload File = Carranza's Clinical Periodontology with Access Code read ebook Online PDF EPUB KINDLEby: Michael G. Download pdf Carranza's Clinical Periodontology with Access Code eBooks Textbooks.1.PDF BOOK E-PUB Mobi Carranza's Clinical Periodontology with AccessCode full bookCarranza's Clinical Periodontology withAccess Coderead ebook, FREEDOWNLOAD, (ReaD), Read book, DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Michael G. Newman Pages: 875 pages Publisher: Saunders Language: ISBN-10: ISBN-13: 241.Download pdf Carranza's ClinicalPeriodontology with Access Code eBooksTextbooks.qqqqqqEBOOK DETAILAuthor: Michael G.